If you’re considering installing a water well on your property, you’re likely doing so for the many benefits: independence from municipal water, potential cost savings, and a reliable source of fresh groundwater. However, before the drilling rig arrives, it’s important to understand that the process isn’t as simple as punching a hole in the ground and waiting for water to flow. Well drilling involves complex equipment, unpredictable underground conditions, and a range of potential complications that could affect the outcome. Understanding the possibility of such complications helps set realistic expectations and highlights the value of working with a knowledgeable contractor.
Let’s take a closer look at the most common challenges that can arise when installing a water well, and how they can impact the process.
Borehole Instability
This occurs when the sides of the borehole (the hole being drilled) collapse or cave in. Certain types of soil and rock formations, such as sand, clay, or loose gravel, are particularly prone to this issue.
When a borehole becomes unstable, it can trap the drilling equipment, slow progress, or even require the drilling team to start over at a different location. To counteract this, experienced well drillers often use steel casing or drilling fluids to stabilize the walls.
Lost Circulation
Another common complication in well installation is lost circulation. This happens when drilling fluids, which are used to remove cuttings and cool the drill bit, escape into underground rock formations instead of returning to the surface.
If too much fluid is lost, it can halt drilling operations, damage equipment, or result in an incomplete well. Lost circulation is often caused by fractures or porous rock layers that absorb the fluid. Skilled drillers can identify the signs early and respond with techniques like using specialized sealing materials to plug the gaps.
Pipe Sticking
Getting the drill pipe stuck in the borehole is a frustrating and costly challenge. Pipe sticking occurs when drilling tools become lodged due to collapsed borehole walls, shifting formations, or even drilling at the wrong speed or angle.
Once stuck, retrieving or freeing the pipe can be time-consuming and may require additional equipment or re-drilling. This is why proper borehole monitoring and using the right drilling methods for specific ground conditions are so important during the well installation process.
Well Deviation
Wells are usually intended to follow a straight, vertical path to reach a specific depth and aquifer. However, when installing a water well, it’s possible for the drill to drift off course—this is called well deviation.
A deviated well might miss the intended water source altogether or create challenges for proper casing and pumping later. Skilled drillers use precision-guided equipment and monitor drilling angles throughout the process to keep the borehole on track. However, unexpected shifts in the subsurface can still cause issues that require quick adjustment.
Formation Damage
While the goal is to reach clean, usable groundwater, the very act of drilling can sometimes damage the surrounding rock or soil layers, a problem known as formation damage. This can reduce the flow of water into the well or introduce unwanted materials into the water supply.
Formation damage might occur from using the wrong drilling fluid, excessive pressure, or simply drilling too aggressively. An experienced contractor will understand the importance of gentle, controlled drilling and proper flushing techniques to minimize the impact on surrounding formations.
Risk of Contamination
Clean water is the main goal, but installing a water well in the wrong location or with improper sealing can introduce contaminants into the supply. Wells drilled too close to septic systems, agricultural runoff, or surface drainage can quickly become unsafe to use.
Another risk comes from not sealing the well properly with grout or casing, which allows surface water—and everything in it—to seep into the well. Preventing contamination requires a well-planned drilling site, quality construction materials, and strict adherence to local health codes.
Unexpected Ground Conditions
No matter how much planning goes into a project, underground conditions can still be unpredictable. Hitting a dense layer of rock, a hidden void, or discovering that the water table is much deeper (or shallower) than expected can all cause delays or require changes to the well design.
These surprises can’t always be avoided, but working with an experienced driller means you’ll have someone on site who can adjust the approach, pivot quickly, and still complete the job with long-term functionality in mind.
Why Choose A1 Well Drilling and Pump Service
While installing a water well can bring many advantages, it’s not without its risks. The best thing you can do is work with a trusted, experienced drilling contractor who’s prepared for whatever the job may bring. At A1 Well Drilling and Pump Service, our team has spent decades helping homeowners throughout the region access safe, reliable well water.
We use advanced drilling equipment, proven methods, and a problem-solving mindset to handle even the most challenging ground conditions. We understand that no two properties are alike, which is why we tailor each well installation to the specific site, soil, and customer needs.
Most importantly, our work doesn’t end with drilling. We offer full service—from site evaluation and permitting to installation and long-term maintenance. If a complication arises during drilling, we have the tools and training to fix it quickly and professionally. If you’re ready to move forward with a well installation, reach out to A1 Well Drilling and Pump Service.
Installing a Water Well FAQs
What is borehole instability, and why does it matter?
Borehole instability happens when the walls of the drilled hole collapse, often due to loose or unstable soil. It can delay the project and may require additional support casing to continue drilling safely.
What causes lost circulation during well drilling?
Lost circulation occurs when drilling fluid escapes into underground rock formations instead of returning to the surface. It’s typically caused by fractures or porous layers in the ground and can interrupt the drilling process.
Why does the drill pipe get stuck, and how is it fixed?
The drill pipe can become stuck due to borehole collapse, shifting formations, or improper drilling techniques. Retrieving it often requires specialized tools or, in some cases, starting a new borehole.
Can the well go off course during drilling?
Yes. This is called well deviation, and it can lead to missing the intended water source. Professional drillers use precise equipment and continuous monitoring to keep the well on the correct path.
What is formation damage, and how does it affect the well?
Formation damage happens when the surrounding rock is harmed during drilling, reducing water flow or introducing unwanted materials into the well. It’s often caused by excessive pressure or incorrect drilling fluids.
How can contamination occur during well installation?
Contamination can happen if the well is placed too close to pollution sources or if it’s not sealed correctly. Proper site planning and construction are essential to keeping your water safe.
What if unexpected ground conditions are encountered?
Conditions like hard rock or deeper-than-expected water tables can delay the project or require changes. Experienced drillers like A1 Well Drilling are equipped to adapt quickly and complete the installation successfully.
